Which term means to have a penetrating and sharp quality?

The term "astringent" is often used to describe a substance that has a sharp, biting quality, particularly in taste or texture. In broader contexts, it can be applied to describe a forceful or penetrating quality in other senses such as speech or writing. Astringents are known for their ability to cause tissue contraction and can have a sharp, sometimes harsh, effect, which aligns with the notion of having a penetrating quality.

This sharpness or intensity can also metaphorically extend to commentary or criticism that is incisive and difficult to dismiss. Therefore, "astringent" is the term that best encapsulates the idea of having a penetrating and sharp quality. The other terms do not convey this specific meaning and are unrelated to the concept of sharpness in the same way.