Which of the following means to withhold permission or sanction?

Disallow is the term that means to withhold permission or sanction. It specifically denotes the action of refusing to allow something or granting permission. In contexts where rules or guidelines are involved, disallowing is a direct way to indicate that an action, proposal, or request is not permitted or approved.

To disallow something implies an active decision to put limits on what can be done, making it clear that the sanctioned authority is stopping a particular action or behavior. This is often seen in legal, administrative, or procedural contexts where certain actions require explicit approval.

The other choices represent different meanings: "Deterred" relates to preventing someone from taking action, "Dilute" refers to reducing the concentration of a substance, and "Disparage" means to belittle or speak of in a derogatory manner. Therefore, disallow stands out as the correct term related to withholding permission or sanction.