What term describes a short, sharp cry or bark?

The term that accurately describes a short, sharp cry or bark is "yelp." This specific term is commonly used in the context of animal sounds, particularly dogs, to indicate a high-pitched vocalization that often occurs in response to pain, surprise, or excitement.

Yelping typically conveys a sense of urgency or distress, distinguishing it from other sounds. For instance, a "howl" is a longer, more drawn-out vocalization usually associated with expressing loneliness or making contact over long distances. A "bark" is a general term for a dog’s vocalization that can vary in tone and length, often used for alerting or warning. A "whimper" is a quieter, softer sound that suggests whininess or fear, but it is not characterized by the sharpness that defines a yelp. Therefore, "yelp" is the most fitting term for a short, sharp cry.