What term describes a policy of racial segregation practiced in South Africa against non-white people?

The term "apartheid" refers to the system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that was enforced in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Under apartheid, non-white South Africans faced systematic oppression, limited rights, and segregation in various aspects of life, including education, healthcare, and public facilities, among others. The policy sought to maintain the political and economic dominance of the white population while denying basic human rights and access to resources to the non-white majority.

This understanding of apartheid is essential because it highlights the historical context and the severe repercussions it had on the lives of millions, and it underscores the broader implications of such policies on national identity, social structures, and international relations. The other terms do not relate to racial segregation or discrimination contexts, making them unsuitable in this scenario.