What is the term for testimony taken under oath, usually written down?

The term for testimony taken under oath, typically documented in writing, is referred to as depositions. A deposition is a formal process in legal proceedings where a witness provides sworn testimony outside of the courtroom. This record is then used during trial or negotiations. The purpose of a deposition is to gather relevant information and evidence, allowing attorneys to understand what a witness might say while also preserving their testimony for future reference.

This written account can be critical in legal cases, as it provides a means for attorneys to prepare their arguments and anticipate the responses or statements of witnesses. The formal nature of depositions ensures that the testimony is credible and can hold legal weight, which is vital in judicial processes. The other terms—defiance, debacle, and decree—do not pertain to the legal process of gathering sworn testimonies.