What is the meaning of the term 'perennial' in regard to plants?

The term 'perennial' in regard to plants is defined as those that live for more than two years and typically flower and produce seeds multiple times throughout their lifespan. This characteristic emphasizes the durability and longevity of perennial plants, which can thrive through various seasons and environmental changes.

Perennials can often have a robust root system that allows them to survive adverse conditions, making them well-suited for gardens and landscapes as they do not need to be replanted each year. Their long-lasting nature distinguishes them from other plant types, such as annuals, which complete their lifecycle within one season, or biennials, which take two years to complete their lifecycle.

While terms like 'seasonal' imply that plants only thrive during specific times of the year, 'evergreen' refers to plants that retain leaves throughout the year. 'Annual' denotes plants that complete their lifecycle in a single growing season. In this context, the meaning of 'perennial' strongly aligns with the idea of being 'long-lasting,' as these plants establish themselves over multiple growing seasons.